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Genomics and Bioinformatics

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Research activities

Research activities

The Centre studies the crop plant genomes and their interaction with environment to unveil the molecular mechanisms that control plant development, crop yield and qualitative features of plant end-products. The research aims to understand how small variations in the DNA sequence and / or proteins determine important crop traits and apply this knowledge to genetic improvement, crop sustainability, traceability of production processes and food safety.

The Centre supports the international competitiveness of Italy in the field of genetics and genomics for the most important Italian crops, according to a vision that makes the genomic know-how a strategic asset for national agriculture.

Genomics and bioinformatics

Genomics and bioinformatics
The Centre carries out projects based on genome sequencing in crop plants, fungi and bacteria. Bioinformatics skills include genome assembly (eukaryotic and microbial), identification of structural variants, annotation of genomes (gene models and functional annotation of genes, including non-coding RNA, and promoter regions) and analysis of RNAseq data. The metagenomic analysis is used for the study of microbial consortia at various levels of the agro-food supply chain. The Centre has participated in the international consortiums for the sequencing of the genomes of common wheat, durum wheat, emmer, asparagus, artichoke and eggplant.

Molecular biology

Biologia molecolare
The Centre, through advanced techniques of functional genomics, transcriptomics and microscopy, studies the role of genes involved in plant development and in the definition of agronomic and qualitative traits. The Centre has a facility for plant transformation and genome editing in horticultural crops (tomato, eggplant) and in cereals (barley, rice).

Genetics

Genetics
The Centre carries out studies to identify markers associated with agronomic traits in annual crop (barley, oats, wheat, rice, asparagus, aubergine) and trees (poplar, kiwifruit, olive) to identify and isolate genes that control plant growth and adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases, yield and quality traits. The results are translated into molecular markers for assisted selection in breeding programs.

Biodiversity and plant breeding

Biodiversity and plant breeding
The Centre maintains large germplasm collections of barley, oats, triticale, hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, eggplant, asparagus, and other species. The germplasm includes thousands of varieties, landraces, mutants and wild relatives, most of them genotyped with up-to-date marker systems. The Centre carries out breeding programs with a strong molecular component in some crop species (barley, oats, triticale, aubergine, asparagus) to demonstrate how advanced genomic knowledge can be translated into successful commercial products. The Centre valorises its knowledge and its germplasm through public-private joined breeding programs aiming to promote the scientific and economic growth of the national seed industry.

Plant physiology

Plant physiology
The work is focussed on plant stress response plant adaptation to environment. Methods have been developed for simulating stress conditions, for screening germplasm collections and for analysis of production in relation to climatic factors. New phenotyping approaches based on spectral reflectance allow to characterize genotypes also during the whole crop cycle in field conditions.

Research programme 2018/2020 - Centre's objectives

Research programme 2018/2020 - Centre's objectives

Advanced genomic platform

Physiological analysis and phenotyping

History of GB

GENOMICA E BIOINFORMATICA

History of Research center

The Centre gathers together three structures each with a long tradition of genetic and genomic research.

The Fiorenzuola d'Arda office was established on 19-09-1942 by the National Institute of Genetics for Cereal crops as Stazione Fitotecnica Piacentina, initially located in Gariga di Podenzano and moved to Fiorenzuola d'Arda in 1958. In 1968 it became part of the Experimental Institute for Cereal Research and begins the work on barley breeding. In 1990 the current buildings were inaugurated with modern laboratories for molecular genetics and the research activity was expanded to other crops and to molecular genetics and genomics. In the following decades, the research station was enriched with new staff, advanced genomic equipment and new skills allowing the participation to the international initiatives for the sequencing of the wheat genome and the development of a platform for genome editing technology.

 

 

The office of Montanaso Lombardo was established with on 18-05-1922 as part of the Experimental Station for Horticulture, in 1962 the research station was expanded with the acquisition of the Sant'Alberto Magno farm and the construction of the current building and greenhouses, in 1967 it became part of the Experimental Institute for Horticulture. The research station has always been involved in horticultural breeding, in vitro cultures, molecular markers and introgression from wild relatives. Many varieties widely grown in Italy and abroad have been selected.

The Rome office was established as a laboratory of the National Institute of Research for Food and Nutrition. Since the end of the ‘80s the research group has carried out studies on transcription factors involved in the development and response to stress and metabolic engineering aimed at enriching bioactive molecules. In 2012 it became part of CREA and in 2017 it was included in the GB research centre.